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SIMPLE MACHINES TYPES OF FORCE

a machine is any mechanism capable of transmitting the action of a force from one place to another in general changed the magnitude of the force while retaining the same amount of work done.
the force applied to the machine power is called the driving force (f)
force must overcome the machine is called the load or resistance (q)

mechanical advantage (VM)

is the ratio between the resistance and the driving force of a machine, ie.

mechanical advantage = resistance / force applied
vm = q / f
mechanical advantage vm = q =

resistance = applied force

* the mechanical advantage is the most important feature in the performance of a machine.
* if the mechanical advantage is greater than 1 (vm> 1) gives a gain of strength, but if the same or less than 1 (vm
* There are two types of mechanical advantage:

1. THEORETICAL MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE (VMT)

is obtained under ideal conditions of operation of the machine is, without friction or problems within the device.

2. PRACTICAL MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE (VMP)

is obtained in reality when the machine operates is always less than the theoretical mechanical advantage due to construction and operation factors (such as friction)

PERFORMANCE OR EFFICIENCY a machine is the ratio of mechanical advantage teoricay practice their formula is:
e% = MPV / vmt x 100

SIMPLE MACHINES

are those whose construction is elementary, using the basic principles of the mechanics to be simple machines, the joint utilization of these machines can be more complex which was studied only in special cases, the main simple machines are:

1. LEVER

rrigida is a bar which can rotate around an axis called support point or fulcrum.
lever torque takes effect in his own end to produce a similar movement in the opposite where the load or resistance.
the relationship that exists between the levers is:
force applied by your arm = arm resistance



fp = Qq

f = applied force p = length of arm strength Q = f

load resistance or q = length of load arm
Q = arm mechanical advantage of the applied force / resistance arm
vm = p / q
p = length of arm strength
p q = length of arm strength
Q exixte
three types of lever. GENRES

LEVER

first-class lever

interfulclares also called as the fulcrum is between the applied force and resistance. the vm can be higher, lower or equal to 1. depending on the position of the fulcrum.

SCHEMES.

EXAMPLES

second-class lever

also calls interresistivas is between the fulcrum and the applied force as p> q, the vm is always less than 1

SCHEMES
EXAMPLE

LEVER GENRES

third grade lever

interponentes also called as the force is between the fulcrum and the resistance, as p> q , vm be always less than 1

SCHEME

EXAMPLES.

2. PULLEY

is a wheel that can rotate freely around an axis, whose fluted edges passing a rope or cable.

pulleys can move loads attached to the ends of a rope passing through them, when stretched at the other end of it, there are pulleys of various types, which may have a gain mechanical advantage

FIXED PULLEY

this subject or hung from a fixed point, the force applied at the end of a rope is passed entirely to the other shows no gain advantage mecanica(vm=1) sin embargo no obstante utiles para cambiar la direccion de aplicacion de la fuerza en la cuerda.

POLEA MOVIL

esta compuesta por una cuerda atada a un eztremo a un punto fijo, y en el otro extremo se aplica la fuerza motriz, su ventaja mecanica tiene una ganancia del doble(vm=2) tambiem se puede unir seguido a la polea movil, una polea fija para mayor comodidad en la aplicacion de la fuerza.






POLIPASTOS O APAREJOS

son un conjunto de poleas fijas y moviles, which can obtain higher values \u200b\u200bin the mechanical advantage, there are two main ways.

VM VM = n = 2

n = total number of pulleys n = total number of mobile pulleys